Controlling Silver Release from Antimicrobial Surface Coatings for Biofouling Control

Silver is used as a biocide for disinfection in the water treatment and supply system of spacecraft. However, its short lifetime result in high operating costs and risk of biofilm development. The innovation of this NASA STTR project relies on the development of novel surface coating chemistries able to extend the lifetime of nanosilver-based antimicrobial coatings, used in water treatment systems of spacecraft, without affecting their anti-biofouling performance. The overarching hypothesis is that silver nanoparticles can be passivated by partial sulfidation, forming Ag/Ag2S core-shell structures with low silver leaching rate but excellent long-term biocidal properties. This project will the optimal physicochemical properties that balance dissolution rate and biocidal activity in nanosilver. Then, we will develop the in situ nucleation and passivation conditions able to generate the desired particle properties on stainless steel and surfaces relevant for spacer water treatment systems. Dissolution rate, biocidal properties, and biofilm development kinetic will be followed over time to demonstrate the long-term performance of the partially sulfidized nanosilver coatings. The results of this project will lead to the development of a passivated surface coating generator technology to be used in spacecraft systems for sustained biofouling control.

U.S. space exploration missions have long considered returning to the Moon and exploration of Mars that challenge life support systems. A potable water treatment process is needed to prevent microbial growth in the water storage and distribution system for long duration missions. Silver ions have been proven by NASA to be effective for microbial control, however, there remain significant challenges on its fast dissolution rate for an effective solution at preventing biofilm formation.

Water treatment and medical is the biggest end-use applications of antimicrobial coatings. Medical professionals and manufacturers are increasingly incorporating silver into a wide array of applications, including wound and burn care, consumer appliances, textiles and clothing, wood preservation, water purification, commercial food and beverage preparation, furniture, building materials and more.

This is early/mid-stage (TRL 5) — the most realistic path in is NASA SBIR/STTR, which funds small businesses and research institutions to develop technology aligned with NASA's needs (equity-free, phased funding). Check whether a current SBIR/STTR solicitation topic overlaps with this project's technology area, or contact the project directly (above) to ask.

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