Humanoid Robotics
Tracking how humanoid robots are moving from research labs toward real-world deployment: who is building them, what hardware and software make them work, and where they are being put to use.
Key Players & Platforms
Profiles and comparisons of the companies building humanoid robots, from established robotics firms to newer AI-first entrants.
Hardware & Actuation
The mechanical side of humanoid robots: actuators, joints, hands, sensors, batteries, and the engineering trade-offs behind them.
AI & Control Systems
The software stack behind humanoid movement and reasoning: foundation models for robotics, vision-language-action models, teleoperation, and simulation-to-real training.
Industry & Deployment Trends
Funding rounds, manufacturing partnerships, and the first real-world pilots putting humanoid robots to work in warehouses, factories, and beyond.
The Scoreboard
Before the profiles: a single page ranking all twelve by robots actually built, set against the annual capacity each has announced, and what sector every one is aimed at. The two rankings are almost the reverse of each other.
Humanoid Robotics Market Snapshot — 2026
Six numbers that frame the field. Every figure is drawn from the verified data behind the Scoreboard; where a maker publishes nothing, nothing is estimated on its behalf.
The gap between the first two numbers — roughly 29,350 built where a count is reported, against 1,074,000 announced per year — is the single most useful thing to understand about the field right now.
The Twelve at a Glance
An instant picture of the market before the detailed profiles. Ordered by units actually built. We separate what is measured from what is only announced, so a real count of a few thousand never sits level with a promise of a hundred thousand:
Measured units shipped or built, from filings or company reports · Announced a plan or capacity claim, not yet a count
| Company | Robot | Country | Built, total | Shipped 2025 | Capacity/yr | Aimed at |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unitree | G1 / H1 / R1 | China | 18,000 | 5,500 | — | Research, developers, education, entertainment |
| AgiBot | A2 | China | 7,000 | 5,100 | — | Labs, developers, exhibitions, light industry |
| UBTECH | Walker S2 | China | 3,000 | 1,079 | 10,000 | Automotive plants, smart factories, logistics |
| Galbot | G1 / S1 / ET1 | China | 1,000 | — | — | Retail and pharmacy — serving the public directly |
| Figure AI | Figure 03 | USA | 350 | — | 12,000 | Automotive logistics, and eventually the home |
| 1X | NEO | Norway | not published | — | 10,000 | The home — the only consumer product here |
| XPeng | IRON | China | not published | — | 12,000 | Own retail stores first, then general commercial |
| NEURA | 4NE-1 | Germany | not published | — | — | Industrial, plus domestic service via MiPA |
| Tesla | Optimus | USA | not published | — | 1,000,000 | Its own factories first |
| Agility | Digit | USA | not published | — | — | Warehouse and logistics |
| Boston Dynamics | Atlas | USA | not published | — | 30,000 | Automotive manufacturing |
| Apptronik | Apollo | USA | not published | — | — | Manufacturing and logistics |
“Built, total” is cumulative since founding and “Shipped 2025” a single full year, so the two are never added together. “Capacity/yr” is an announced figure, not a count. Price, payload and battery are left out deliberately: they are published too unevenly across these twelve to tabulate without guessing. Full detail, with sources, is in each Scoreboard row and company profile.
Company Profiles
The twelve companies covered in Key Players each have a dedicated profile. These profiles explore their founding, funding, leadership, robots, real-world deployments, and — importantly — the difference between what they have actually achieved and what they have announced.
- Boston Dynamics — Atlas. Thirty years old, Hyundai-owned, and the deepest legged-locomotion lineage in the field.
- Agility Robotics — Digit. The most logged industrial operating hours of anyone, and a public listing in progress.
- Figure AI — Figure 03. The most valuable of them all, and the BMW deployment with an actual production figure attached.
- Apptronik — Apollo. Built NASA’s Valkyrie; buys its factory from Jabil and its brain from Google DeepMind.
- Tesla Optimus — A programme, not a company — enormous announced capacity against a documented record of missed dates.
- NEURA Robotics — 4NE-1. Europe’s only contender at this scale, and a cobot maker before it was a humanoid maker.
- Unitree Robotics — R1, G1, H1. The only profitable one, and the company that cut the price of a humanoid by two thirds.
- UBTECH Robotics — Walker S2. Listed since 2023, audited humanoid revenue, and a robot that changes its own battery.
- AgiBot — A2. Three years old and shipping two in every five humanoids sold anywhere.
- XPeng Robotics — IRON. The other carmaker making Tesla’s bet, with a production line already running.
- 1X Technologies — NEO. The only one selling into homes, and the most open about how much teleoperation that still takes.
- Galbot — G1, S1, ET1. Unstaffed shops in 40+ cities — robots serving the public, not factories.