Quantum Gravity Gradiometry In Hybrid Architectures with Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking for Spaceborne Earth System Mass Change Measurements

A hybrid architecture is envisaged for obtaining high-spatial-frequency mass change data from cross-track gradiometers in conjunction with the twin constellation of GRACE-like satellite to satellite tracking mission. A JPL/SURP-sponsored effort has shown the benefits of the cross-track gradient configuration at 10 micro Eotvos precision. Quantum gravity gradiometry (QGG) uses ultracold atoms as test masses for absolute gradient measurement. However, the accuracy of baseline for gradient measurements, i.e., the separation of atomic clouds, has not been demonstrated to meet the demand of future QGG sensitivity requirements. Specifically, for a nominal 1500 Eotvos cross-track gravity gradient in GRACE orbit, a 10 micro Eotvos resolution requires a baseline stability of <10^-8, which is < 10 nm for a 1-m baseline. Through this IIP-ICD effort, we propose to develop observation mathematical modeling for the hybrid architecture, address challenges such as spacecraft pointing, and technically demonstrate the feasibility to obtain baseline resolution to support the measurement concept. Through the results of this effort, a TRL-1 to TRL-3 transition is anticipated. The period of performance is expected to be between Feb 1, 2022 and September 30, 2023.

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