Nanocoatings for Wicking of Low Viscosity Cryogens, Year 1

The goal of this project is to investigate and develop smart, switchable materials systems for use in thermal management systems, including the evaluation of wicking nanocoatings for use in the transport and storage of cryogens. The project anticipates advancing the state of the art in space propulsion systems by development of the key enabling wicking technology for cryogenic propellant management devices. Advances continue to be made in areas of novel materials and mechanical refrigeration equipment for the thermal management of cryogens in applications from space transportation to medical imaging. The investigation of novel materials/systems in combination with mechanical refrigeration equipment for use in thermal management systems is the focus of this project. Materials include coatings and other surface finishes while the refrigeration may be active (with cryocoolers), passive (cryogen only), or a combination. Another important aspect of efficient thermal management is the storage and transport of cryogenic fluids such as liquid hydrogen and liquid helium. These two low-viscosity cryogens are the main challenge and prime target for future applications.

The advances in cryogenic propellant management technology by use of micro/nano wicking structures proposed in this project may provide a fundamental breakthrough in space propulsion systems. Prototype systems, which are to be developed under this program, will provide game-changing enhanced capability for longer space missions and in management of cryogens in a space environment. Benefits such as cryogenic propellant refueling depots have been suggested. The utilization of these coatings will greatly reduce chill-down times, life-cycle costs, and system complexity, thereby saving time and reducing costs. One benefit to the commercial space industry is the quick and safe loading of cryogenic propellant tanks could be enabled by further development and deployment of this technology. The technology is applicable to energy systems and superconducting power systems of interest to the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Department of Defense (DOD).

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