Next-Generation Mars Network Position, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) for Future Robotic and Human Explorers

This work will develop models and simulation capabilities to parametrically assess position, navigation, and timing capabilities of the next-gen Mars relay. Alternate orbits and constellation approaches for the hybrid architecture (low-altitude repeaters with high-altitude ‘trunk-line’ orbiters) and monolithic constellations will be explored. This network will significantly impact how humans and robots explore Mars and allow for a more seamless transfer of data and science return. The current Mars Network consists of an ad hoc collection of science orbiters, which won't be enough to support human exploration in the coming decades. We need a new network of relay satellites that can offer timely data relay and accurate PNT capabilities.

Including the impacts of navigation to a constellation design, in addition to communication and data volumes that are currently considered, can both impact the optimality of a given design and reduce the need for Earth-based tracking. Using navigation derived from links between spacecraft creates the opportunity for autonomous navigation, increased accuracy, fault tolerance, enabling for power-limited spacecraft, and decreased DSN loading. Deploying a dedicated network on Mars to provide accurate position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services in near real-time is a significant step for human exploration. This network would effectively mitigate risks for long-distance exploration across the planet while also empowering small, power-limited robotic explorers. A key advantage of this network is its ability to provide on-site navigation data, thereby enabling Mars explorers to navigate autonomously without being dependent on Earth.

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