Multi-Modal SHM of Inflatable Habitats via Embedded Fiber Optics Sensing

Luna is proposing to add new distributed acoustic sensing capabilities to embedded fiber optic sensors that have been proven to sense creep in inflatable structures. The team will apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to the strain and acoustic signals to automatically localize impacts and leaks, sense creep in the restraint layer materials, and detect anomalies in real-time. Phase I will focus on applying distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to webbing materials to prove the feasibility of this new sensing modality. Strain profile data and acoustic data from the fiber optic sensors will serve as input to prototype AI/ML algorithms that will extract features for tracking and modeling creep trends, damage, and remaining life. Tensile testing of flight-representative webbing with embedded fiber optics and sensor egress designs will prove the ruggedness and quantify strength knockdown factor that is critical for acceptance in future flight vehicles. Folding and packing studies will be performed to further assess feasibility of the sensors for launch and deployment. Designs for space hardened sensors, modules, cables, and ruggedized interrogator will be identified for implementation in Phase II. The Phase I will culminate with a demonstration of impact and leak detection and localization using data from an instrumented Vectran inflatable test article. Phase II will deliver prototype software and hardware for further evaluation by NASA and/or industry partners. Phase III will transition the sensing and AI/ML technology to space stations and habitat modules.

NASA’s Commercial LEO Destinations program is aiding industry development of commercial space stations. Inflatable habitats will likely be an important component to these structures, as well as surface and transit habitats for missions to Mars. Inflatable habitat structural health monitoring of the structural restraint layer will be enabled by embedded fiber optic sensors and AI/ML automatic impact, leak, and structural anomaly detection.

Distributed fiber optic sensing is a growing market. Fiber optic sensors provide a rich dataset that will benefit from AI and ML processing of large batches of data to identify off-nominal conditions. The results of this development will directly translate to the commercial market and will be compatible with Luna’s existing product lines.

This is early/mid-stage (TRL 4) — the most realistic path in is NASA SBIR/STTR, which funds small businesses and research institutions to develop technology aligned with NASA's needs (equity-free, phased funding). Check whether a current SBIR/STTR solicitation topic overlaps with this project's technology area, or contact the project directly (above) to ask.

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