Quantitative Optimization of Planetary Excavation Methods

Resource and “raw” material acquisition for in situ resource utilization (ISRU) on planetary surfaces is challenging due to the extreme environments (low gravity, thin or no atmosphere, and abrasive dusty regolith). Due to the inherent challenges of ISRU and infrastructure development on planetary surfaces, excavation processes (the most common method of gathering bulk materials for resource extraction) must be optimized in terms of time, energy, and safety. The central objectives of this proposal are to develop quantitative experimental and computational capabilities to increase the efficiency and reduce risk involved with regolith excavations for ISRU material acquisition and planetary infrastructure development. Addressing the problems facing extraterrestrial regolith excavation requires quantification and prediction of excavation forces as a function of regolith properties (e.g., particle size distribution and mineralogy), proper scoop designs, and the use of methods to reduce the forces required to excavate material. Proposed methods to model and optimize the efficiency and safety of planetary regolith excavation involve the development of experimental hardware to test excavation tools and use the collected data to calibrate and verify computational models of planetary excavation. This proposal is directly in line with the objectives of the 2023 NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Opportunity (NSTGRO) and NASA in general. The NSTGRO objectives are to develop space technology as well as train researchers in space technology development, and this work provides relevant technologies that directly enhance the efficiency and safety of surface operations through research performed by a graduate student in close collaboration with NASA researchers. NASA’s goals of settling humans on extraterrestrial bodies are fundamentally driven by the ability to safely, reliably, and sustainably interact with planetary surfaces to acquire and local resources; the proposed research will address these needs and enhance NASA’s capabilities in space technology development and solar system exploration.

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