INSPECT3R: In Situ Nuclear Spectrometer with 3D Resolution

Our goal is to develop the next generation in situ planetary nuclear spectrometer for future landed missions on solid-surface objects. The In situ Nuclear SPECTrometer with 3D Resolution (INSPECT3R) will be capable of non-destructive 3D imaging of the near-surface bulk elemental composition. This capability solves major limitations in state-of-the-art spectrometers and opens new avenues for scientific investigations that are not currently accessible. Specifically, INSPECT3R solves the pervasive “background problem”, which is a major source of systematic uncertainty in current spectrometers. Solving this problem results in an increase in elemental precision and sensitivity and a seamless integration with the rover/lander. Additionally, INSPECT3R will allow for the long-desired capability of depth-dependent measurements (layering), localization of chemically distinct buried objects, and the precise mapping of surface heterogeneity for sample prospecting or further in situ analysis. These capabilities will have major implications in geochemistry and astrobiology. INSPECT3R will be able to distinguish between different igneous rock types and measure bio-essential elements with centimeter resolution, identify buried objects that are chemically distinct, perform pre-sampling prospecting to probe homogeneity and guide sampling tools, perform depth-dependent elemental analysis to uncover hidden sediments, characterize surface weathering processes, and identify layered structures indicative of biomineralization such as Banded Iron Formations (BIF). We propose the use of Associated Particle Imaging (API) technology to achieve the goal stated above. API is a nuclear imaging technique that adds a position-sensitive alpha detector to active neutron-based spectrometers. This detector allows the measurement of the neutron direction and time of emission in the deuterium-tritium (DT) reaction inside the neutron generator. Therefore, the coincidence detection of this alpha particle and the neutron-induced gamma ray from the inspected surface makes possible the localization of the interaction point with a resolution of a few centimeters. We will advance the Technological Readiness Level (TRL) of an existing API system from 3 to 4 by a series of experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of this technology for planetary science missions and by hardware modifications aimed at improving the performance and reducing the size, weight, and power (SWaP) of the system with a focus on the alpha detector.

Development of new proof-of-concept instruments, systems or components, including sampling technologies, that significantly improve instrument measurement capabilities to address high priority science goals of planetary missions.

This is a mature technology (TRL 7+) — the realistic path in is usually NASA's Technology Transfer Program: licensing an existing NASA patent, or a Space Act Agreement to use NASA facilities/expertise directly. NASA also runs a startup licensing program with no upfront fee for companies formed to commercialize a specific NASA technology.

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