Multiplexed Integrated Cavity Output Spectrometer Driven by Quantum Cascade Laser Arrays

We propose to develop a compact, broadband trace-gas measurement instrument that leverages quantum cascade laser (QCL) array technology with cavity-enhanced absorption techniques. Our goal is to achieve high-sensitivity, multiplexed detection of multiple trace gases—including NO, NO₂, O₃, CH₂O, CO, CH₄, and others—within a single, small-footprint system. By exploiting the broad spectral coverage offered by QCL arrays, we will optimize real-time measurements at parts-per-billion (ppb) or even parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels. The proposed design will be tailored for use on small aircraft, uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), and high-altitude balloon platforms. In Phase 1, we will demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrating our DFB QCL array sources with cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy in a low-SWAP system for highly sensitive and selective multi-species detection. This includes demonstrating broadband operation and multiplexing methods. We expect to reach TRL 4 at the end of Phase I. Successful prototype demonstration and design work will position the technology for further optimization and maturation in Phase II. At the end of Phase II, we will deliver a TRL 6 flight-ready sensor system that addresses the specific airborne and ground-based trace-gas measurement needs outlined by NASA’s Earth Science Division.

The proposed QCL-based sensor responds directly to NASA’s need for advanced, suborbital instruments that can provide trace-gas measurements with enhanced accuracy, stability, and temporal resolution. This technology will advance the capability to support critical Earth Science missions and field campaigns, such as those focused on air quality, climate research, atmospheric composition, and validation of satellite data (e.g., OCO-3, TEMPO). Specifically, the sensor’s compact design and robust performance in challenging flight conditions make it well-suited for deployment on NASA’s airborne science fleet (including small UAVs and balloons), addressing the stated requirements for measuring NO, NO₂, CH₂O, CH₄, O₃, and other trace gases at sub-ppb levels. It will enable in situ observations needed for improved understanding of atmospheric processes, pollutant transport, and emission source attribution. Outside of NASA’s airborne science programs, the proposed sensor addresses pressing needs in environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and regulatory compliance. Its high-sensitivity, multi-species detection capabilities will benefit federal and state agencies (EPA, NOAA) as well as private-sector entities seeking to monitor air quality and detect leaks or emissions of greenhouse and toxic gases. In oil and gas operations, the sensor’s real-time, sensitive measurements can help mitigate fugitive emissions, enabling cost-effective compliance with methane regulations and safer operational practices. Similarly, facilities handling chemicals or heavy metals can use the compact sensing platform to continuously monitor critical species (NOx, SO₂, VOCs) and prevent accidental releases. Beyond industry, urban air-quality networks could deploy the sensor at ground stations or on mobile platforms to track pollution hotspots and validate atmospheric transport models. Agricultural and food-processing facilities might employ it to measure ammonia and other trace gases relevant to environmental sustainability. With its robust, low-SWaP design, our QCL-based system opens commercialization prospects across a wide range of applications where reliable, high-precision trace-gas analysis is essential.

This is a mature technology (TRL 7+) — the realistic path in is usually NASA's Technology Transfer Program: licensing an existing NASA patent, or a Space Act Agreement to use NASA facilities/expertise directly. NASA also runs a startup licensing program with no upfront fee for companies formed to commercialize a specific NASA technology.

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