Self-Contained Dual-Mode Sample Preparation Module Using Non-Hazardous Reagents

Building on the successful function test demonstrated in Phase I, including a parabolic flight test, AI Biosciences proposes to further advance the capability of a microgravity-compatible, compact, dual-mode sample preparation module (DM-SPM) in Phase II. This module processes samples from various matrices—such as swabs, potable water, blood, and urine—to yield high-quality nucleic acids for downstream molecular detection and identification within a closed-cartridge system. Our technology can fill NASA's technology gap in sample preparation in space. Utilizing novel, non-hazardous reagents inside a dual-mode sample preparation cartridge (DM-SPC) will enhance crew safety. Its primary function will enable NASA to quickly identify microorganisms that could compromise crew safety. The system can also be extended to study the microbiomes of the space station and future space outposts, observing changes over time. This near-term deployable cartridge and platform system will additionally have the capability to perform other magnetic particle-based applications. This highly flexible system will allow previously complicated, labor-intensive, and time-consuming processes to be executed by a programmable, turn-key, closed system using pre-filled cartridges. Furthermore, the SPM can be employed to capture and purify cell and protein targets. The self-contained DM-SPC is also gravity and reagent-agnostic when paramagnetic magnetic particle-based protocols are followed. At the end of Phase II, a fully automated platform will be tested for nucleic acid extraction during parabolic flights.

The ability to carry out sample preparation in microgravity using non-hazardous reagents and a small footprint, versatile device, and extensible cartridges in an enclosed format will introduce the ability to carry out sample preparation for molecular biology tests from a variety of sample matrices (cell culture, plant tissue, blood, swab, etc.). The unit can also be easily coupled with suitable downstream detection modules to expand its capabilities to include processes such as PCR, isothermal amplification, and sequencing. With the development of proper assays, new applications can be extended to include microbial detection in advanced life support systems, in-vitro testing for infectious diseases during space flight, gene expression analysis for radiation exposure monitoring/studies, and the effect of space flight on microbial gene expression and virulence. These processes can be completed inside the Microgravity Sciences Glovebox (MSG) or disposable glove bag to minimize sample transfer or contamination concerns. By offering a medium-throughput sample preparation platform, our sample preparation unit will enable researchers and companies to conduct in-situ life sciences research inside the ISS or future private/commercial space stations with near real-time result capability when coupled with appropriate detection systems. With advancements in molecular diagnostics, life sciences, and forensics, there will be a significant increase in demand for instrumentation capable of automated sample preparation in a closed format to eliminate cross-contamination. According to a recent report by Markets and Markets, the global nucleic acid isolation and purification market is anticipated to reach $9.4 billion USD by 2028. Rising healthcare expenditures will support the growth of the nucleic acid isolation and purification market. Additional applications of this SPP include environmental monitoring, agriculture, and food production safety. During Phase I, we identified research into extreme or environmental microbiomes and monitoring as our market, recognizing the need for on-site extraction to identify target locations for further studies or to exclude areas lacking the target microbes. The extraction steps must not contaminate a sensitive or fragile environment, so our enclosed cartridges and use of non-hazardous chemicals fulfill these requirements.

This is a mature technology (TRL 7+) — the realistic path in is usually NASA's Technology Transfer Program: licensing an existing NASA patent, or a Space Act Agreement to use NASA facilities/expertise directly. NASA also runs a startup licensing program with no upfront fee for companies formed to commercialize a specific NASA technology.

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