Automated DNA Extraction in Space

The proposed technology addresses NASA’s need for in situ sample prep and analysis in a microgravity environment and offers a new approach for processing biosamples in space. The WRKR-B is an automated nucleic acid extraction device based on proprietary engineering and biochemistry innovations that combines library prep for next-generation sequencing of microbes and animal cells into a seamless protocol. Automated DNA extraction and library prep technology in orbit will enable efficient, higher throughput biosample processing and address NASA’s needs for rapid, iterative science in space while also providing fundamental research tools needed to stimulate the LEO bio-economy. As such, this proposal aims to adapt the automated system for space-based applications aboard the ISS and commercial space stations. WRKR-B will enable routine analysis of the spacecraft environment via on-demand DNA extraction and sequencing of samples collected from the spacecraft and plant surfaces, water systems, as well as astronauts. This technology will streamline workflows, reduce crew effort, and support real-time on-demand analyses critical for microgravity research in LEO and missions to the Moon and Mars. Phase I funds will be used to elevate the TRL, design iteration, testing, and integration guided by NASA SME to ensure compatibility with the unique space environment. The global terrestrial market for automated DNA extraction systems is growing rapidly and includes many applications: (1) increasing demand for molecular diagnostics, particularly for infectious diseases and cancer; (2) expansion of personalized medicine and precision therapies; (3) increasing adoption of decentralized testing solutions; (4) growth in genomics research fueled by declining sequencing costs; and (5) strong market interest in agricultural biotechnology, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Routine end-point omics analysis in space is poised to not only stimulate but disrupt the space economy.

Automated DNA extraction technology is pivotal for advancing space exploration, ensuring astronaut health, and enabling groundbreaking scientific discoveries as follows: 1. Scientific Experiments − Streamline the preparation of nucleic acids for sequencing, enabling real-time genomic studies in space. − Enable metagenomic studies of mixed microbial communities and expand the scope of omics research in space. − Support studies on how space radiation affects DNA damage and repair mechanisms, which are critical for understanding long-term health risks in space. − Aid in analyzing telomere length changes in space, contributing to studies on human aging and its acceleration or deceleration in microgravity. 2. Astronaut Health & Environmental Monitoring − Detect pathogens or genetic markers associated with diseases, enabling rapid medical diagnosis and treatment in-flight during long-duration missions. − Monitor changes in astronauts' immune systems during spaceflight, providing insights into health risks associated with microgravity and radiation exposure. − Monitor microbial communities aboard the ISS at a higher frequency to ensure a safe environment for astronauts and prevent contamination of sensitive systems − Monitor plant and crop for pathogens − Monitor microbial communities in spacecraft water recovery systems (WRS), ensuring safe drinking water. − Monitor airborne microbes within spacecraft to maintain air quality. 3. Astrobiology and Planetary Protection − The system can extract and preserve nucleic acids from extraterrestrial samples, ensuring their integrity during sample return missions for further analysis. − Analyze and prevent cross-contamination between Earth and other celestial bodies during planetary exploration. − Analyze samples collected for signs of microbial life by isolating and sequencing DNA or RNA in real-time. 4. Educational Outreach − STEM programs can engage students in real-world experiments aboard the ISS. These applications represent areas with significant revenue potential due to their alignment with global healthcare trends, technological advancements, and regulatory needs across industries. 1. Healthcare and Diagnostics - Rapid DNA extraction in decentralized or resource-limited settings. 2. Forensics and Legal Applications - DNA extraction at crime scenes to expedite forensic workflows. - Identify disaster victim remains in disaster zones 3. Agriculture and Food Safety - Crop disease diagnostics via on-site detection of plant pathogens to minimize agricultural losses. - Food authenticity testing to verify the origin and quality of food products at production sites or markets; address regulatory compliance needs. 4. Environmental Science - Extract environmental DNA (eDNA) from soil, water, or air to study biodiversity of ecosystems. 5. Field Research and Genomics - Enables researchers to perform DNA extraction in remote locations (e.g., rainforests, polar regions), supporting biodiversity studies and ancient DNA research. - Support large-scale genomic studies by providing rapid sample preparation for sequencing technologies like NGS. 6. Military and Emergency Response - Identifies biological agents in potential bioterrorism scenarios or battlefield conditions. This application is critical for national security. 7. Industrial Applications - On-site QC testing to verify genetic stability of industrial strains used in biomanufacturing processes, such as biofuel production or fermentation industries. - Facilitates drug discovery research with efficient sample preparation tools. 8. Clinical Research and Biotechnology - Streamline sample prep in decentralized clinical trials, reducing time and costs. - Provide cost-effective solutions for biotech startups. 9. Consumer Applications - Allow consumers to extract their own DNA at home for ancestry or health insights - Engage non-experts in research and foster public interest in genomics.

This is a mature technology (TRL 7+) — the realistic path in is usually NASA's Technology Transfer Program: licensing an existing NASA patent, or a Space Act Agreement to use NASA facilities/expertise directly. NASA also runs a startup licensing program with no upfront fee for companies formed to commercialize a specific NASA technology.

None of these are guaranteed paths for this specific project — TechPort itself doesn't have an "apply" button. Reaching out to the contact(s) above with a specific question is usually the fastest way to find out what's actually open.