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Advancing Miniature Lightweight X-ray Optics for Solar System Exploration

Completed TRL 3 (started at 3, targeting 4)

Description

We propose to continue the on-going development of Miniature X-ray Optics (MiXO). Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer (MIXS) on Bepicolombo is about to open a new era of planetary X-ray observations with micro-pore based focusing X-ray optics. The Lunar X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (LuXIS, formally known as CubeX), a new SmallSat mission concept selected for the NASA Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies program, is designed to study lunar elemental abundance through X-ray fluorescence and to demonstrate the feasibility of deep space navigation through X-ray pulsar timing. LuXIS employs Electroformed Nickel Replicated (ENR) focusing X-ray optics for planetary science.

The proposed MiXO inherits the progress in ENR Wolter-I optics over the past two decades and utilizes new metal/ceramic hybrid technology using Plasma Thermal Spray (PTS) to achieve lightweight X-ray optics suitable for planetary applications. Its efficient light collecting capability exceeds the performance of alternative approaches such as micro-pore optics (MPO) used in Bepicolombo by a large factor (>~3). In addition, MiXO enables high angular resolution (0.5 - 1 arcmin) over a wide field of view (>1 deg), improving the detection sensitivity of surface features by an order of magnitude relative to MPO. MiXO also extends X-ray imaging to higher energies (up to ~10 keV) for detection and mapping of heavy elements. The modular design of MiXO can be easily scaled from low-cost SmallSats to small Discovery, medium class New Frontiers and large Flagship missions.

In the previous PICASSO program, we successfully advanced the MiXO from TRL 2 to 3 through a series of achievements: 1) fabrication of two MiXO mandrels suitable for building compact X-ray optics, 2) fabrication, assembly and X-ray calibration of a MiXO module with two compact NiCo shells, 3) fabrication of two metal-ceramic hybrid MiXO shell from the larger MiXO mandrel, 4) development of the ray-tracing modeling software, SAORT, for design of X-ray optics suitable for planetary X-ray telescopes, 5) initial launch load simulation and analysis of the MiXO modules suitable for an ESPA-standard class payload.

We request support to advance the TRL of MiXO further, from 3 to 4, over the next three years. We will fabricate and assemble MiXO modules consisting of both NiCo and hybrid shells and will compare their performance. These two-shell MiXO modules will serve as Engineering Modules for the design of future compact planetary focusing X-ray telescopes. We will also continue to optimize ray-tracing and launch load modeling for design of compact X-ray telescopes suitable for planetary science.

Benefits

Developing Instrument technology to improve measurements for future planetary science missions

Details

Technology areaSensors and Instruments
ProgramPlanetary Instrument Concepts for the Advancement of Solar System Observations (PICASSO)
Lead organizationSmithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
Start date2021-07-01
End date2024-06-30

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